Textile Science Overview
Textile science explores the properties, production, and processing of fibers, yarns, and fabrics. It blends chemistry, physics, and design to support industries like fashion, interior design, and technical textiles.
1. Fiber Science
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Types of Fibers:
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Natural fibers: Cotton, wool, silk, flax
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Man-made fibers: Polyester, nylon, acrylic, rayon
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Fiber Properties:
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Physical: Length, diameter, strength, elasticity
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Chemical: Reactivity to acids, alkalis, heat
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Identification Techniques:
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Burn tests, microscopic analysis, solubility tests
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Sources:
2. Yarn Formation
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Spinning Methods:
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Ring spinning, rotor spinning, air-jet spinning
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Yarn Types:
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Staple yarns (short fibers), filament yarns (long continuous fibers)
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Yarn Properties:
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Twist level, count (thickness), strength, texture
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3. Fabric Construction
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Methods:
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Weaving: Interlacing warp and weft yarns
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Knitting: Interlooping yarns
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Non-woven: Bonding fibers chemically or thermally
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Fabric Types:
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Plain weave, twill, satin, jersey, fleece
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4. Fabric Finishing & Dyeing
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Finishing Processes:
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Bleaching, mercerizing, calendaring, brushing
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Dyeing Techniques:
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Batik, tie-and-dye, screen printing, digital printing
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Functional Finishes:
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Water repellency, flame resistance, anti-microbial coatings
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Sources:
5. Textile Testing & Quality Control
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Tests:
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Tensile strength, abrasion resistance, colorfastness, shrinkage
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Standards:
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ISO, ASTM, AATCC guidelines for textile performance
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- Teacher: Admin User